How should I go about learning C++ and the inner workings of a computer such as registers, the stack, etc?

Only a good book can help you.

If you want to learn how a language is made into a different set of commands, you will need to know that stuff. Learn assembler. Once you can do that a little, take C and see how code translates into these very basic commands. Try different structures like functions, data structures, loops, conditions and it will be a lot clearer.

TheCherno on YouTube has a video called "The stack vs the heap". It is a part of his c++ tutorials.

Just watched it the other day, it's very very very good.

@ravik Any recommendations

@CWins This sounds like a good approach. Any recommendations for books or online tutorials?

@jrdnbrn i found hetbert schildt very helpful