Seeing the phrases and language and different APIs and platforms and various versions of everything everybody talks about makes me feel even less prepared to enter the industry properly when I leave University.

I'm going being a WordPress specialist.

Frameworks are very very similar. Learn the archetypes. Your routing frameworks, big bulky MVC frameworks, dependency injection tools, package managers etc. Learn what each of the types do, then each of the frameworks are just a flavour of the parent. As with most things in programming, grasping the essence of the overarching problem will give you immediate understanding of most of the realisations of that archetype solution.

Specifically, in regards to feeling less prepared when leaving college. It's you and most every other student. You need to take your education into your own hands. It's a long journey but you have to start somewhere. Unfortunately, college isn't always the great starting point, it's made out to be.

You will learn more in your first year than you did at uni. Don't sweat it.

And if in a few years you feel you've still got loads to learn, you're probably already a pretty good dev :)