1. What do you think about this kind of companies that "teach programming" and students pay when they get a job ? Given the amount of information available on the internet, I don't think they worth it.

2. Have you heard about this one? Someone asked me, but after googling I didn't like it. Their curriculum looks like a collage.

https://www.holbertonschool.com/

It sounds like.... School. Bit archaic, but it is one of the main ways people learn how to program, and if you really don't pay until you get hired that's a pretty good perk compared to normal school.

1) that's how the education system works in Australia.
You take the course, and pay back the government you start earning.
We call it a HECS debt, except now it include interest 🥲

2) nope, and I would caution reading the fine print on a company is going to know when you are actually employed otherwise they could dictate where you can be employed too.

Here in Sweden that practice was quite common for jobs with a scarcity of people.

Buss drivers was like that about two or three decades back, the company even offered salary during the training time to get enough people and after the training you had a three year contract before you could quit without having to pay back some if the training cost.

They stopped once there where enough trained people that they could find trained people without the overhead.