Has anybody ever had a question closed on stack overflow? How long before a review usually happens?

It doesn't. Usually if it's closed, it's closed for good. The whole "hey, you can improve your question and then we can reopen it!" mantra is something that very rarely happens (usually only if you complain loudly enough on meta.)

You close the question, you are the author after all. Unless you are really asking dumb questions.

People may review it in seconds, up until days. It depends on the topic and categorization until Someone with enough power is knowledgeable enough to reply.