Join devRant
Do all the things like
++ or -- rants, post your own rants, comment on others' rants and build your customized dev avatar
Sign Up
Pipeless API
From the creators of devRant, Pipeless lets you power real-time personalized recommendations and activity feeds using a simple API
Learn More
Search - "c programming"
-
Student - Teacher renaming .c to .exe make the program executable ?
Teacher - Yes
A group of people stand up and walking to the door
Teacher - Where are you all going ?
Students - We are going to drop this class.41 -
Today I learned how to use curly braces in Python for those coming from C style programming languages. I love that this was the accepted answer.10
-
Popularity of programming languages according to the DRRDSI (DevRant Rubber Duck Selling Index):
1. JS
2. Java
3. Python
4. C#
5. PHP
6. C++
7. Ruby
8. SQL
9. Swift20 -
I helped my friends in my C programming class set up their IDEs today.
Them: Do I need the JDK?
Me: We’re writing in C, not Cava
ಠ_ಠ8 -
Person: *glances at my grades*
Me: Here we go again.
Person: I thought you were smart. How did you manage to get a C?!
It was a C (programming language) quiz. 🙄7 -
What my lecturer think I have learned:
- Programming Patterns
- C, C++, Java
- Socket programming, web programming
- Operating system...
What I have actually learned:
1. printf("Hello World");
2. echo "Hello World";
3. console.log("Hello World");
4. Console.Writeline("Hello World");
5. cout << "Hello World" >> endl;
6. System.out.println("Hello World");
7. puts "Hello World";
8. "Hello World"
9. write("Hello World");
10. Display "Hello World"10 -
At our first programming course at uni (it was in C), a student asks in class:
Student: what is a pointer?
Teacher: i don't know, i only know Java.
How the hell did the poor guy end up teaching C then?!6 -
I self-training on PHP, Ruby, Python, C# during 1 year without knowledge in programming. Now I finally find a job as professionnal web developper, without degree !11
-
Language and their user:
C - programming language of God
C++ - Pagan Deity
C# - Beethoven
Java - Jesus
Python - The Crocodile Hunter
Ruby - Miyamoto Musashi (samurai)
Rust - Da Vinci
JavaScript - Satan
PHP - Justin Bieber23 -
trying to teach my little sister(13) her first programming language. decided to go the microsoft way and start with C#.
the moment she finished her first
hello world made me so proud of her :)11 -
PHP sucks
JavaScript sucks
Python sucks
C sucks
C++ sucks
Apple sucks
Microsoft sucks
Linux based operating systems suck
Vim sucks
Emacs sucks
$IDE_OF_CHOICE sucks
Docker sucks
The way we talk about our tools makes we wonder why we do programming in the first place.23 -
Writing Python, coming from C#.
"Come on, this can't be that easy!"
Python brought back the fun in programming for me. :)20 -
So I was browsing devrant and a friend asked what all languages do I know? I said, python, c, c++
He looked at me like 😐
Took me a moment to realise he was asking languages not programming languages 😅13 -
(c) Creative Tim. Worth to read pips!
How to land a programming job
1. ABC (Always Be Coding) - The more you code, the better you'll get.
2. Master at least one multi-paradigm language - Some good candidates are C#, C++, Java, PHP, Python, and Ruby.
3. Re-invent the wheel - You should implement the most common data structures in your language choice.
4. Solve word problems - Pick those that test your ability to implement recursive, pattern-matching, greedy, dynamic programming, and graph problems
5. Make coding easy - At least, make it look easy.
6. Be passionate - If you don't care, then nobody else will.
7. Don't make assumptions - Ask questions if you're not sure.11 -
I want to marry C#
Seriously, I've never found any other programming language I enjoy the hell out of using quite like C#. If I could, I'd write my game engine in C# instead of C++23 -
Friend: I want to start competitive programming. What should I to ?
Me: You should know at least one programming language like C++ or java ...
Friend: No problem, I know HTML ....
Finally Me: Oh God save me..4 -
C is a child's programming language
JavaScript is a boy's programming language
Scratch is a man's programming language15 -
C is a cool programming language where if you want to return a string from a function you have to set up an entire physical-universe human social system for adjudicating who is responsible for freeing it "In order to create a C string, you must first create civilization"
"In order to create a C string, you must first create civilization"10 -
A guy breaks into your house and start slapping your face with a huge C programming book for 5 minutes until you bleed top quality code from your nose.
Well this is what I was going to comment to the "learn C in 5 minutes app" rant, but can't find it anymore.2 -
Everyone in the class on the first day of college "I like programming, Java, C,C++". They don't even know that JavaScript and Java are different. Now I have to work with them on projects for 2 years. 😭
P.S. First Rant!12 -
I'm in grade 9.
I started a programming club in my school.
I told them that I'd teach basic HTML,JS,CSS,C++,C,Java.
Nobody signed up.
Because it happens on Thursdays.
FML.
However, people told other people that I have wicked programming skills and so one of the school staff asked me to help them maintain their school website, which is currently just Google Sites (*vomit).
:(12 -
My first programming language was PHP.
When I first approached C I was like "wtf!! Why have I to specify the type"13 -
When I'm forced to maintain a C project having recently done a lot of C++:
Compiler: Declaration may not appear after executable statement in block.
Me: dEcLarAtiOn mAy NoT aPpeaR aFtER eXeCuTAblE stAtEmEnt iN BloCk. *pffffttt*2 -
when your first try to learn a new programming language, for example c++ and you are still new to coding:
"Wtf does it behave this way. How dafuq do pointers work...argh"
and then years later, you come back to c++, do a little revision and it all starts to fall into place and make sense. Man. That feeling.3 -
Recruiter: What is Go?
Me: It's a newish programming language developed by some really cool guys at Google with C-like syntax and great concurrency support.
Recruiter: So it's like Google's version of RESTful?
Me: Umm…8 -
Those who do not remember history are doomed to have serious backward compatibility problems. -- Expert C Programming2
-
!rant
Advice
[1] Don’t panic! All will become clear in time.
[2] You don’t have to know every detail of C++ to write good programs.
[3] Focus on programming techniques, not on language features.
just read in "A Tour of C++11" by Bjarne Stroustrup
It's not just true for C++, that's true for everything3 -
My CTO in the 'good old times', when he still talked to me and shared his wisdom, once told me what I should know about oop and explained me the world of programming and what really matters:
CTO about oop and C#:
"I think this object orientated stuff is overrated and useless. You don't get finished. I write everything in one file. You should do that too. The fastest way is always the best one."
So, dear readers, you might think, he maybe understood, what oop means. I have to disappoint you. He is as FUCKING STUPID as he sounds.
He didn't understand the whole concept of the language C# or oop.
He doesn't use properties, every single method is static void and there is nothing like an object.
Since there is more from where that came from, this will be continued...7 -
Objective c is the ugliest most esoteric programming language there is and it has no place in modern development.6
-
Anyone watched 'Jhonny English Strikes Again'? This is the code that drives the exoskeleton... I guess it just needs a random number to work. 😂😂3
-
Phone-interview with a recuiter from a big consultning company.
Her: So, what programming languages are your strongest?
Me: That would be Java, as it's been used through university courses and privatley I've been making some C# projects
Her: Allright cool. What about object oriented languages?
Me:... Erhm.. That would again be Java and C#...5 -
Coolest project : I revamped classic old school "Rogue" game ☺️
(while I was learning C programming)6 -
Before the storm - New Feminist Programming Language C+=
So before reading and raging on the box popoli post "the costs of a code of conduct" (thanks for linking @cursee ) I thought I'd share an awesome repository some Anon highlighted on 4chin/g.
I encourage you to read the README.md if you have been feeling depressed and/or mad with all this politics in programming bs.
https://github.com/ErisBlastar/...11 -
So I'm 17, I go to a vocational school and I'm in a computer IT and networking class as a junior. We have learned programming in HTML and CSS and whenever I'm programming I'm having the most fun, so I am teaching myself C++! I don't really feel welcome due to my age but I hope all of you can help me in the future!15
-
Top 5 World’s Most Hated Programming Languages
1. Perl
2. Delphi
3. VBA
4. Objective-C
5. PHP
Which one do you hate most?16 -
I thought that learning C would give me a good baseline for learning whatever other programming language.
Then I started looking into Haskell.8 -
So I recently started going to a university, and I am being taught C. I have previously learnt C++ in school so its all pretty easy for me compared to those who are programming for the first time.
So, one of my classmates run into a problem with their code so he asks to check where he went wrong. So, the teacher comes and checks his code and then concluded that the compiler is F****** broken!! And i am like FFS theres a missing semi-colon, even the compiler pointed it out....just because you couldn't figure out the problem doesn't mean the compiler is broken.7 -
Decided to take three different programming language classes in the same semester. Advanced Java, C++, and HTML/CSS/JavaScript. Wouldn’t have been so bad if I didn’t have an assignment due in each every week.3
-
All the time while I'm programming I hate Java.... Don't hate me now :D I'm learning Java in high school. I very love very fast programming languages such as C and C++, so this is why I don't like Java, but there are some reasons why I like Java. I just started learning how to create own window. What the hack is this? This is so simple. I tried to create window in C/C++ with OpenGL, just blank window with color. Complicated..... But with java it's fairy tale.
You can add me now to Java familly, but remember I also love C++.
So here your are, Hello World Java FX app :D
Final goal:
Create window application similar scratch.16 -
NEW 6 Programming Language 2k16
1. Go
Golang Programming Language from Google
Let's start a list of six best new programming language and with Go or also known by the name of Golang, Go is an open source programming language and developed by three employees of Google and the launch in 2009, very cool just 3 people.
Go originated and developed from the popular programming languages such as C and Java, which offers the advantages of compact notation and aims to keep the code simple and easy to read / understand. Go language designers, Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike and Ken Thompson, revealed that the complexity of C ++ into their main motivation.
This simple programming language that we successfully completed the most tasks simply by librariesstandar luggage. Combining the speed of pemrogramandinamis languages such as Python and to handalan of C / C ++, Go be the best tools for building 'High Volume of distributed systems'.
You need to know also know, as expressed by the CTO Tokopedia namely Mas Leon, Tokopedia will switch to GO-lang as the main foundation of his system. Horrified not?
eh not watch? try deh see in the video below:
[Embedyt] http://youtube.com/watch/...]
2. Swift
Swift Programming Language from Apple
Apple launched a programming language Swift ago at WWDC 2014 as a successor to the Objective-C. Designed to be simple as it is, Swift focus on speed and security.
Furthermore, in December 2015, Swift Apple became open source under the Apache license. Since its launch, Swift won eye and the community is growing well and has become one of the programming languages 'hottest' in the world.
Learning Swift make sure you get a brighter future and provide the ability to develop applications for the iOS ecosystem Apple is so vast.
Also Read: What to do to become a full-stack Developer?
3. Rust
Rust Programming Language from Mozilla
Developed by Mozilla in 2014 and then, and in StackOverflow's 2016 survey to the developer, Rust was selected as the most preferred programming language.
Rust was developed as an alternative to C ++ for Mozilla itself, which is referred to as a programming language that focus on "performance, parallelisation, and memory safety".
Rust was created from scratch and implement a modern programming language design. Its own programming language supported very well by many developers out there and libraries.
4. Julia
Julia Programming Language
Julia programming language designed to help mathematicians and data scientist. Called "a complete high-level and dynamic programming solution for technical computing".
Julia is slowly but surely increasing in terms of users and the average growth doubles every nine months. In the future, she will be seen as one of the "most expensive skill" in the finance industry.
5. Hack
Hack Programming Language from Facebook
Hack is another programming language developed by Facebook in 2014.
Social networking giant Facebook Hack develop and gaungkan as the best of their success. Facebook even migrate the entire system developed with PHP to Hack
Facebook also released an open source version of the programming language as part of HHVM runtime platform.
6. Scala
Scala Programming Language
Scala programming termasukbahasa actually relatively long compared to other languages in our list now. While one view of this programming language is relatively difficult to learn, but from the time you invest to learn Scala will not end up sad and disappointing.
The features are so complex gives you the ability to perform better code structure and oriented performance. Based programming language OOP (Object oriented programming) and functional providing the ability to write code that is capable of evolving. Created with the goal to design a "better Java", Scala became one behasa programming that is so needed in large enterprises.3 -
Why is GOTO deprecated and not recommend!?
It was fun in school days programming, I used to write code randomly then use GOTO to sequence it.
Did anyone had fun with GOTO!?15 -
Le college freshman nibbas: Don't know C, Java, C++, python or any other programming language but want to do AI and machine learning!
💀🤷6 -
Some fun facts :
☻ Programmers spend approximately 30% of the time surfing the source code 😁
☻ Progress in programming can be classified into 4 stages:
(a). Complex Programming
(b). Making Progress
(c). Slow Progress
(d). Stuck
☻ Programmers have a tendency to report their problems incompletely
☻ The main error messages, execution times and runtime compilation errors and the average time to solve them
☻ The software maintenance consumes more than 50% of the effort
☻ Ctrl C, Ctrl V, and Ctrl-Z have saved more lives than Batman tbh😇3 -
At many places, first programming course is Python or JavaScript. Our university first teaches C. I feel its a great language to build up programming skills. Tough then formers and that's what makes it more beneficial.10
-
Do some cool shit that I’ve always wanted to do.
- learn more about machine learning and computer vision
- learn C / C++ / rust
- learn embedded systems / programming
- learn more EE centered stuff3 -
You guys converted me.
I "grew up" with Visual Studio (from VS 2005). My programming career started with VBA. (All C#)
Occasionally tried to program android with eclipse... never worked out.
I know java a little bit.
To day I decided (thanks to your rants) to start a VM with ubuntu and explore Linux and start with C.7 -
"The C programming language was specifically designed to abuse the von-Neumann architecture"
- Some guy on StackOverflow8 -
Before I used to programming C++, but now I'm programming JavaScript, so Babel transpiling still counts? And SASS compiling?
-
I've always asked my self , How they developed programming languages??
C# --> Based on - C++
C++ --> Based on - C
C --> Based on - whaaaat????
Assembly?? How they developed assembly???
0101010101 -__-13 -
When the people ask about the dificulty to programming.
Me: well depend to the language that you use to build the app.
People: well in spanish?
Me: what(?), programming language, like c, java and others
People: ah, the pc say me that needs java upgrade.
Me: (smile and forget it), look is not superman behind you?. -
I hate windows.
I hate Linux.
I hate Mac OS
I hate Android, iOS, whatever os
I hate java, c#, JavaScript.
I hate programming..
I hate being employee, or whatever..
Shit, life sucks8 -
We got a different programming teacher for today. He's shit. He can't even efficiently code a simple C# program that prints out three numbers as sorted ascendingly. WHAT THE FUCK12
-
Disclaimer: I apologise in advance for those tired of language wars, if it bugs you that much just skip this rant.
"C++ is better than C"
An accepted truth. OO is better than Procedural, C++ is an upgrade from C, it fixed all the problems.
End of.
Except - when it comes to actual evidence, empirical studies have shown that there are no productivity gains with C++ vs C.
This bugs me the most because it's such a fringe view, OO has dominated industry purely by dogma, alternative programming paradigms are just simply ignored because: "OO is best. End of."
https://researchgate.net/profile/...22 -
C is probably my favorite programming language. I use it for learning new concepts and implementing algorithms.
It's just sometimes I hate that I have to do everything myself when I need to focus on the solution/concept instead.
P.S., I hate C++ from all my heart. It's an abomination and a deformity of C.21 -
*If you could ban something from the field of programming forever, what would it be? 👀
*Pls. don't ban me thx c:36 -
Switching to linux soon.. C is too limited on windows. I also need to find more programming friends :/ but I dont know how to make programming friends /:17
-
When I was around 13 I started programming html and designing websites on and off over the years. Later during my first year of college I picked up C++ and loved it. I always had this idea that web design was very elementary programming until recently.
I recently got forced into learning C# and ASP.NET Core MVC by my internship. Holy shit was I wrong. Web design is so insanely complex and interesting!
C#, ASP.NET Core MVC, HTML, CSS, JS, Entity Framework Core, and the list goes on.....all to create a single website/web application.
I apologize for my ignorance to the website development community.
I’m so excited to learn all of this! =D8 -
Should I try to learn functional programming or focus on a lower level language?
My strongest language is C#.
I'm looking at F# or Rust atm.
Thoughts?19 -
When people says you are good in programming they mean you will clear the exam easily.
But they don't know there is a art of writing code.
And if you stuck in the code then there is a art of debugging the code.
Who knows the both is a good programmer.2 -
Not really a rant, but:
Me, programming in unity using C#: well if I add that library, My life will get a little bit easier, but the final APK will be 2MB heavier because of it.
WebDev who never used compiled programming languages: can't you just minify it?
Me:7 -
GODFUCKINDAMMIT.
The subject you fuckin teach is networks, not fuckin C programming.
Why the hell am i supposed to make your multithreaded client/server in fuckin C.
Youpieceofshit.4 -
I feel like if I ever get a professional programming job my biggest problem will be I can't work on projects with other people when it comes to programming I really don't know how to split up the work any tips?5
-
When I was 14 years old my mom wouldn't buy me a game which was for sixteen years old people. At this point I didn't know how hard programming actually is so I decided to make the game by myself. And now I'm sixteen and in love with programming. (by the way started with C++)2
-
Hi guys,
I'm a C# developer and I programming (with C#) since 2016. Does anyone know a C# project where I can help?
Thanks for your attention!
Have a nice day ;-)8 -
I don't want to trash-talk anyone's favorite programming language - after all, I get quite pissed if anyone rants about my favorite language, too! I'm not saying that VB .NET is a bad language. It really has its strengths, even more so for beginner devs. But is this guy serious?
https://red-gate.com/simple-talk/...
I don't even particularly care for C# - mostly because I don't like Pascal Case and it's a Microsoft Original and I don't want MY source code spying on ME... But still... every single one of the points that guy tries to make is either IDE-specific, not a big deal or even an advantage in my opinion!
What bothers me the most, however, is the way he subtly tries to force his own opinion upon his readers. "It doesn’t matter if you disagree with everything else in this article: case-sensitivity alone is sufficient reason to ditch C#!" - quote end!
Real sneaky fella.11 -
Some many nice and new programming languages out there and even some older ones still get updated but at my university we are supposed to use the ANCIENT AND ANNOYING ANSI C (C89)??! Why...3
-
Imagine the horror of learning C programming with manual memory management, pointer arithmetic and without your cool utility libraries after programming for 2 years in Python just becoz it's in the fukin syllabus!!13
-
Heard that this morning.
Someone trying to teach somebody programming: you’ll see, programming is easy. We’ll start slow, I won’t teach how to code in c++, java or linux...
🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️
How do you want to teach him programming if YOU THINK LINUX IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE!!!!!!!!!!3 -
New programmer who just pick up Python be like , C is shot , is bad , python better blablabla....
Why anyone hate C so much? I personally use C for Embedded Programming, for hardware or is better compare to using python for my case.
I love python , but I love C more. Because without C the rest don't exist. Right?
So stop hating on C. Because you might use it someday.17 -
Learning C has taught me one thing; I hate C.
Actually I think the only language I've learnt that didn't make me angry doing so was python, and that was because I was 14 a didn't think I was hot shit at programming yet...12 -
Don't be specific on any programming languages, focus more on OOP approach, and say you know about OOD/A rather than, you know Java, C# and this and that.1
-
Happy New Year!
This year I am going to learn new programming languages and they are: Python, Java/JavaScript, C/C#/C++ and the Linux Terminal.
I can't wait!11 -
My programming teacher is explaining functions in C++ as if they were rocket science... Complicating things when they're easy5
-
A stressful day trying to untangle some speghetti code I wrote a while back.
On train home. Time to relax
By programming some C code. -
How old were you guys when you started writing code? What language and what inspired you?
My first programming memories come from writing some QBasic text-based RPG and graphics demos when I was like 12. I remember moving into C/C++ soon after with Borland's C++ compiler and playing around with WinAPI and OpenGL 1.15 -
bool isTrue(bool val){
If(val == true){
return true;
}
else if(val == false){
return false;
}
else{
cout<<"Wrong value";
}
Function isTrue is the future ! 😂😂😂2 -
- Played with and learned Scratch
- Learned some Python, made some weird little programs
- Learned C, using two good books: K&R C and Zed Shaw's "Learn C the Hard Way" (back when it was still in development and was free to read on the internet)
- Made LOTS of programs in C
- Came back to Python when I wanted to learn network programming
- Learned some Racket/Lisp, Bash scripting along the way
- Now I use all of the above, minus Scratch -
What is your first memory of programming?
I remember quite vividly writing C# in a notebook at church to pass the time. I did actually use some of that code if I am remembering correctly.14 -
I'm literally laughing my ass off at how Google gave their fat middle finger to Object Oriented programming with Go's Structs, Methods, and Interfaces. F*** you Java and C++! :-P4
-
My most productive is honestly when I'm on a caffeine high (my personal favorite is a 24oz NOS). I have pulled all-nighters. Accidentally.
But getting INTO the mood for programming is simple and kinda embarrassing. I get excited by seeing programming keywords in real life. For example, at a job I worked at, there was a whiteboard what had the word "include" on it forever. Not about programming at all. But every time I saw it I was reminded of c/c++ and it made me wanna do some code. I don't know why I'm like this. -
Which programming languages can create portable programs that can run on every operating system, device, etc. (and are actually intended for that)?
- Java
- Python
- I heard some things about C# maybe…?
- What else?38 -
question:I just learnt c++ programming language and i really cant find a use of this language except iot and really simple programs,how can i make gui programs, or should i learn more languages??10
-
Question:
I am planning to learn machine learning and deep learning. I am quite comfortable programming in c++ and python, what would you recommend would be a nice starting point with more attention towards practical stuff.8 -
It's a sad fact of life that managing dynamic memory is a very difficult programming task. Some public domain X-Window applications are notorious for leaking like the Apple Computer board of directors -- Expert C Programming4
-
Working on Django as a server side programming, and having a little bit work with htmls and JavaScript.
What I am called then ?
A. Software Developer
B. Backend software developer
C. Web developer
D. Other. Mention it13 -
I hate programming tutorials for a complicated language like c++ that are dedicated to absolute beginners of programming. If you've never coded before, why are you trying to learn c++?5
-
Hi i am new programmer i have start by c programming please help me any suggestions about programming11
-
Learning C and just wrote a function to reverse chars in a char array (ex. "Hello" -> "olleH") but the array did not change.
It took me way to long to realize: I forgot to divide the length variable by two. So it reversed the array back everytime...6 -
Me: I'm quite good at C programming language
Also me: Checks man page for library functions' information6 -
My cousin came to me and asked me if I don't have some resources about programming becase he will need it in school in higher grade. Then he said me he will be learning about C programming I told him that I have only C++ books and tutorials and if he don't want to learn C++ instead of C and he asked me if there is some difference between that... That will be a long journey I tought1
-
First Year in College.
I have been into computers since 9th Standard. What I meant was I could make music, edit images, play and install games after downloading, hack them(change values) using Cheat Engine, make trainers for myself because why type when you can freeze, format computers using a pendrive (trust me, I saved a lot of money) and then finally, make some presentations and send emails.
Now, College begins. Programming in C language. I don't know what the fuck that means. But they say, it's 'essential'.
Enter Professor. "Okay students, we begin with the course on C Language. how many of you know pointers?".
Me: Wow. Sounds cool. But, I don't know anything.
I couldn't love coding. I think I love to code but at the end of the day, I'm a sick Undergraduate who fell in love with a Bass Guitar and Vocals and wants to code for a living. Heavily interested in changing the world and all that stuff but have no motivation and even if I have, I can't give a fuck about it.
Peers are getting medals everywhere. I'm sitting alone in a room learning C. They said, It was 'essential', but they never told me, 'why'.
Not a rant. IDGAF what you think but I'm a failure looking for ways to make a living.6 -
"The only way to learn a new programming language is by writing programs in it." - Dennis Ritchie
So, how are you learning - By writing programs or by Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V? 😛3 -
First time posting. But I need an advice, I want to learn a programming language to get a better job. I have just the basics of C#, should I keep going with C# or go with F#? I heard a lot of good thing about F#. Thanks. You guys are awesome!6
-
C, C++, and Java are legacy programming languages.
So, for the ones who fear that the language will go away in mere 10-15 years. Chill. These languages will stay forever.18 -
<notarant>
Just got my class schedule for freshman Computer Science. Find out they teach C++ for Programming 101. Guess I should stop using C for the next couple months and buy a C++ book.
</notarant>1 -
C# or c++. Hi im starting to learn programming and i have to decide between c# or c++. I use linux as my os. What do you think?17
-
Hello guys. Im new to programming I know some basic c and c++ . I was hoping if someone could help me with some sites to learn new programming languages. Thank you.7
-
While teaching theory is actually good, it doesn't mean that there is no room for any practical education either. Students needs to be exposed to modern programming languages like Python, Ruby while at the same time be trained in the pioneers of programming like C, C++, Java. It is only then would they be able to make informed decisions on who they really want to be. If you had one practical lab session on C and Java and then the rest of the semester about HTML, students would end up moving away from programming.
Concepts like programming and networking concepts should be included whereas ancient technologies like programming micro-processors (x386, x486, etc) should be excluded. Who programs x386 and x486 micro-processors anymore? While the understanding of how micro-processors and other low-level components in the computer systems work is very essential, doing practicals on them isn't really a good use of students' time, energy or effort. -
So I just started learning programming specifically c# cause that's what my dev uncle recommended for beginners. I hope I can meet interesting and good people around me :)14
-
Most popular programming languages.
It's just funny they used different images for the language specially for Swift, Typescript, C# and specially Python
https://amp.businessinsider.com/the...4 -
God help me if I ever meet the person who created Javascript.
Happy it wasn't my first programming language or I would have quite coding even before I started.
I had rather fail in C++ a thousand times(I failed C++ in highschool) than ever code in JS.
#The hottest mess I ever met.6 -
I like being diverse in what I can program. I like software development, web development, networking programming, I’m starting to get into embedding programming and using lower level languages like C/C++ (I’ve used them before but not for anything practical) and I enjoy the diversity. It makes me feel good knowing I can extend my programming knowledge.
Also I like having project ideas lined up so I know what I want to do next. And if I don’t finish one I know is easy but I can’t figure out, I CANT MOVE ON! I have to finish it. It’ll drive me fucking nuts.11 -
I was programming in java, C# and similar languages for years now and I never knew how the buffer overflow exploits would work, then I started C and saw the fixed size char arrays. After puking on my keyboard I realized that most of the vulerable programs were indeed written in C or similar languages.11
-
I started studying programming last year, currently learning c# and c++ at college (even though I'm a 29 years old electrical engineer.. long story...) any advice on how to start looking for internships and jobs? I feel very lost on how to proceed to gain experience and feel that many of my colleagues have the same issue. Thanks4
-
I found a way to become rich with low effort!
I'll become a python developer.
I hope some fucker finds out that C is durable because it doesn't have to be rewritten all the time and we all go C. The bad apples will fall down soon enough with learning a programming language that actually requires some attention span.34 -
Anyone here worked a whole lot with low level programming?
I have always worked with high level languages like Python and C++, but I’ve also had an interest in working with embedded systems, real close to the metal.
Any directions on where I should go to start learning low level programming? Sites, languages, etc?
Appreciated devRant fam!😊12 -
Any Indian students here?. Are you guys still using Turboo C++ to teach programming?.
Also what about microprocessor?. Still 8085?13 -
I think,I should write my own programming language so I'll be more productive on ... stackoverflow !1
-
Never understand why schools use C/C++ as an introductory programming langauges. Someone needs to tell those text editor people to fuck off.52
-
I know that there is no bad programming languages.
But there are one exception.
Swift 3.
You can't use c styled code! Why????
Wtf???
Do you have anything against C?
If you do, why?1 -
I wonder the creator of jQuery , Objective C , Erlang, what were they smoking while creating these programming languages......
Whenever I code in Erlang (server side) or Objective C (iOS) I can feel that the creator is damn high...
Objective C is weird that I have to call an object by allocation . Like get me thinking is that OOP? Or Functional.15 -
If I don't know Java and no plan to learning it how should i learn kotlin?
No experience with c or c++ either. No programming experience at all. Because HTML and CSS aren't programming so yeh. plan to learn JavaScript next month after my fucking exam.6 -
Programming in c++ on DOS (dosBox) feels so amazing, I really like it, I'll get a CRT monitor just for this (also a bit of Doom)! So cool!1
-
Is it appropriate in terms of time, to learn c as your first language?
I mean, some of my classmates prefer to use python or java as their first language.
Help please, I need help9 -
I was bored so I learned HTML/CSS, I was like "eh, programming is easy!".
So I learned C next and I was like "eh, programming is kinda hard actually".
So I learned to program rather than learn a language, got back to C until I was comfortable with it.
Nothing is hard now :D2 -
Guys, do you agree that C++ is getting overly complicated following the updated versions?
At times I wonder whether I should leave C++ and jump to python as my goto programming language.24 -
Might be a minority here... But I really like Kdevelop for almost all of my programming needs.... Bash, Windows Batch, C, Java, Python.. You name it... Kdevelop's got my back! :)2
-
You can find so many tutorials, learning paths for C#, C++, python, angular, jss, java, etc.
But literally none for batch file programming (if that's even what it's called) so little documentation on cmd.exe and writing .bat files :'(
Can someone please please help?
Just point me in the right direction?
inb4 google it17 -
As a Software Design junky, I just enjoy using TypeScript for more conventional C-style programming structures in JavaScript !2
-
Okay, going to delve into the world of C game programming. I come from a JS/React background and wondering where to start. I did a C project back in uni so I know some foundations.
Idea is a 4x space game with simple 2d shapes representing ships, inspired by an old game I can't remember the name of (anybody?)
Firstly, I am thinking Allegro as the lib, it seems to be more maintained than SDL. Does that seem good? Though not sure where to start, or any tutorials for someone who is scratchy with C.
Any advice on how to structure my code?
I like the idea of entity component system, is that sensible?
Cheers for any help10 -
Fell in love with it in high school but I had a strong bond with computers and technology early on. Done some C programming there. Had a project in ASP, Access and JavaScript. Old times 😃
-
I'm in school, next lession is gonna be programming exercise with c#, soooo gonna log into my linux home server and do some stuff Xd8
-
!First rant
Started learning C programming through CS50 course.
Hello world?nope.too scared to write the program because everytime I write it, something or the other happens and I stop learning C5 -
confession
somewhere deep inside me I know that despite I am programming in c and using linux from ages, still not an expert.2 -
Gonna teach someone conpletely new to programming some C#. What are some good exercises I can give them to understand general programming well?
So far I'm thinking FizzBuzz, some progressively more complex math+logic stuff and maybe fibonacci using recursion.11 -
Valgrind! What are you?!!
Knowledge of C is complete only when you come out of Valgrind with 0 errors in 0 contexts.
Definitely lost I am.
In case you are confused, reaffirming that this is a rant and not a statement.4 -
Stop making fun of different programming languages
C is fast
Java is popular
Ruby is cool
Python is beautiful
Haskell is Intriguing
Javascript is ________14 -
My first programming lesson in C# was to increment my progressbar using a timer to 100 then show the new form. Trial ends.5
-
Different types of comments that I know in programming languages
C, C++, Java, C# , JavaScript, Golang
// whatever and /* whatever */
CSS
/* whatever */
Python, Ruby, BASH, Powershell, perl, TCL
# whatever
Almost all markup languages
<!-- whatever -->
I was amazed by how many languages i know along the way!9 -
I just learned C and I have created some projects like Parking System and Library Management System. My problem is I don't know mathematics and I want to learn DataStructures & Algorithms and become pro in it. In the whole September I will still be focusing on C and create more projects. I have started learning Mathematics today from High School level to College level. I thik maths will take 1 year to complete. After September in the October I want to start learning C++ and finish C++ till the end of Dec 2019. I want to know that do I have to first finish my maths learning which will take 1 year then I should start learning Data Structures and Algorithms? As I said I want to become a professional in Algorithms. I think its not possible to learn DS&A yet I have to wait 1 year till I finish learning my Maths. I can't do more with C & C++ without knwoing DS&A? If I started learning DS&A with C++ in the future then I can't become good at algorithms? I want to do competitive programming and be at Top 1 of Hacker Rank and other sites like this.7
-
Looking for job as C# programmer be like:
Job offer: C# Junior Programmer
Expectations: Programming in C#
Reality: Programming in C#, JavaScript, CSS and HTML2 -
Guysss, thinking about getting a programming or computer related tattoo, I was thinking about a big 'C#' om my arm. What are your suggestionsss?
(It s a temporary tattoo so go crazy... sort of)27 -
Commodore 64 and manuals when I was 5. Then qbasic on a 286 my dad got from work when I was 6. Been programming since, to Borland c/c++, php, html etc. Worked with most languages since.1
-
why they are all saying "eating c#, eating java etc" when truth is programming is the one who ate us.
-
Green dots, don't try this.
t3d, wolfenstine, enemy territory, c, the c programming language, YHWH, young, cute, girls, brides, quake, kill, pussy, work
We'll see...11 -
Part of the PR feedback was the use of capitals and the conventions. I tried to look up some backup documentation of angular in the styleguide regarding this topic. Didnt find any.
His answer was that it’s a C# convention. DUDE IM NOT PROGRAMMING IN C# AM I ?! You are mixing up conventions between ts, js, ng and now C# how the fuck am i ever going to follow this?!1 -
On my University exam of compiler design I got this question
Write difference between pascal and C programming language.1 -
If I understand a different programming language that doesn't mean that I can easily code in that. Currently working on PHP Yii now. My expertise is on C# btw. lol3
-
Currently learning programming (c#) and I can't wrap my head around classes can anyone give me some tips?9
-
What programming language did you study in high school? In my country they teach us Pascal for what ever reason, me coming from c++ I can t support it16
-
If all programming languages came with a paired condiment, what would some be?
I reckon C would be some kind of hot sauce that was just ground naga chili or something3 -
In school,our c++ teacher gave an list of programs we had to do in lab that annual session,i was excited about learning programming so i strtrd reading my c++ book & completed all those programs in less than a month......
-
Guys does any of you know good first c++ project. I have a lot of experience with java and python so I am not new to programming, but I want to get proficient in C++ because I am soon starting a job which all lower level programming.7
-
My school didn't have any programming or CS classes, so I started to learn python online my junior year. I thought it was interesting so I declared a CS major in University. Now I'm about to graduate knowing java, c++, Ruby on rails, c#
-
I made a small program with visual studio and try and error without any programming knowledge, then read a whole c# book, then try and error again
-
!rant
Any links to start learning game server programming using C++? I know network programming using C# currently and built a game server emulator also. I want to start C++ network programming for windows now...8 -
Taught my wife the first lesson in real world programming:
She had to do some python homework and it was already late night. Task was to apply several filters to a csv. So we did the good ol' STRG+C.
Am I a horrible person or my programming corrupted from within?4 -
I frequently run out of programming ideas. Could anyone tell me a fun project they have done.
I know Python 3, ruby and some C++3 -
Mark Russinovich, the chief technology officer of Microsoft Azure, says developers should avoid using C or C++ programming languages in new projects and instead use Rust because of security and reliability concerns.30
-
After learning programming language, Which one earning source is the best one?
A) YouTube
B) Freelancing
C) IT Job
D) Own Business38 -
Finally enrolled in a c# programming course!
I've got somewhat of a knowledge in html and css and was wondering for a long time if I should go Javascript or Php, but got an advice that c# will give me a broader understanding of programming.
Can't wait to learn! :) -
What programming books do you all recommend?
Language wise any books on C, GoLang, Python, Rust, and LUA are welcome
And topic wise I’m interested in books about computer science theory, network programming, low level programming, and backend programming are welcome.
I know it’s a wide variety of topics but some are stuff Im currently doing, I’ve already messed with and just really want to learn more or focus on, or plan to do it when I get around to it6 -
Hi,
I've just started learning programming to be a web developer. I've learned html, CSS , now on C# and to go for ASP.NET, Java, etc..
I see a lot of posts in devRant and on Facebook about Programming I feel like most people reached far and it's too late for me start now.
Any advice please.22 -
(heading)How a programming language is created? Because I want to make my own.(heading)
I am learning C and next I will learn C++, SQL,DS&A, Assembley, Lex&Yacc,Operating Systems, Computer Arcticture, Computer Networks because I think it's enough for my goal. The only reason I am learning this, to make my own C++ clone with my own knowledge. But I really don't know how can I create my own programming language like C++ from scratch. Like what are the first steps to began with. As I know that C, first step is Preprocessor then Compiler then Assembler then (Loader/Linker).
Anyone please give me a step by step guide like learn this language first then this then this. So I can finally reach that amount of knowledge which I can implement to create my own programming language like C++.6 -
Probably my dad. He encouraged me to experiment with the computer really early. He got me a c++ book (I know, the best language to start :D) and we sat down in the evenings programming together.
-
Is there a programming language or library that lets you customize the shit out of it? Something like C++ templates but with special symbols as custom operators?7
-
How can we go to a new world?
No need death.
Just read a fantasy book
Or learn new programming language.
For example, if you're a php Dev, learn c#, Java or c++.
Believe me, it's a new world.2 -
It’s happening.. started to see Solidity listed as programming language skill on resumé, next to C++..2
-
I often come into heated discussions with my colleague about whats the better programming language so I want to ask you - what's better:
C# or Java (from an overall standpoint)?19 -
Hello everyone. I'm new to programming and I would love some tips.
I have been told to learn C# and Java as a way to begin programming, what do you think of this?
If you have any better tips please explain it in a way an amateur can understand.
I hope that I explained my situation well.8 -
So I'm thinking about programming an app for iOS and Android in C# for my senior project.. but since I lack creativity I can't think of something..
-
A recruiter calls me and asks if I'm interested in an interview with their company. I say yes and she asks how I like programming with C aaaand my resume only mentions C++..
-
Though JS is a terrible language( as it's absolutely insane ), why do developers love it and why is it taking over the programming world?
JS is just like the C for web, but a bit weird.13 -
If you're in for a good read this thread is comedy gold: https://gamedev.net/forums/topic/...
(the second page is where it starts getting amazing)2 -
My first programming language was PHP and lately I've started looking for a new language to learn. My first idea was C, but after talking to professors in college they pointed out Java would be a good option. They made fair points regarding our local market and job openings. Now I'm in doubt: C or Java?6
-
I was in Chemical Engineering and had a class about algorithms. The teacher barely knew about C but learned some basic programming. Afterwards I switched to Systems Engineering and learned Java. I feel old... xP
-
So, to improve my programming I’m going to work or implementing some algorithms in several languages.
For example, Luhns algorithm in c, c++, and c#.
Can anyone suggest a good place to read up on some common algorithms etc that I can try out?1 -
I have been coding exclusively in Python on competitive programming websites. So far I haven't faced any issues w.r.t timing. Is it worth switching to c/c++?5
-
I started learning to programming when my dad introduced me to it, I then just started teaching myself and learning via trial and error. Started in C#, went to web (learnt HTML, CSS, JS) then started on SASS and CoffeeScript, after that went to C and C++, then started looking at Angular, and now I'm on Ruby.
And every project from these languages has at least 10 errors -.-3 -
I started university in september and after one semester using java (i learned java three years ago and used since), we started C.
I noticed that developers that program developing with high-level languages, or modern languages (like rust that it's low-lewel, but still has many modern language features) are for spoiled developers.24 -
Are programming books worth buying/reading? If so, what C# ( and Unity ) book would you recommend. I'd like to expand my knowledge.3
-
C++ is the building blocks for many high-level programming languages, and since 1984 its first appearance in the markets the C++ core committee developers have introduced its 4 new versions which are C++03 (ISO/IEC 14882:2003 second edition), C++11 (third edition), C++14 (fourth edition) and C++17 is the fifth edition. With each new version, developers introduced new features, libraries and APIs in it.
C++ introduced as the extension of C programming language which made C++ as a compiled programming language, which means the developer required a C++ compiler to translate the C++ code to its equivalent machine or byte language, so the Operating system of the computer can execute the program.
There are various C++ compilers in the market and most of them are open source and free to use, however conventionally when we say C++ compiler, we basically talk about GCC which stands for GNU Compiler Collection.
What is GCC?
GCC stands for GNU Compiler Collection, and it is a collection of programming compilers which induce C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, and some versions of Java. The first version of GCC introduced in 1987 and it was also known as GNU C compiler which became the standard compiler for C programming language, in that same year GCC also provided Compiler support for the C++ programming language.
Now GCC has various versions and each version give specific support for C++ versions, by now if we look at all the versions of GCC, we have a stable GCC for every version of C++, but there are some exceptions with C++11.
C++11:
C++11 introduced as the 2nd update version of C++, it suffixes 11 because it released in 2011 or because on August 12, 2011, ISO gives official approval to it. Formally C++11 known as C++0X because developers were expecting the new update released in 2010, but with its release in 2011, the core committee developer of C++ changed its name by C++0X to C++11.
C++ 11 replaced the old version of C++03, and it also brings many new features for the C++ developers. The main aim of designing C++11 to stabilize and maintain the backward compatibility of new C++ version with the C+98 and C programming language and that’s become the main reason why core committee developers only introduced new features in the old standard library rather than extending the core language.
GCC does not give Full Support to C++11:
GCC version GCC 4.8.1 purpose the first feature-complete implementation of the C++11 standard, however, the 4.8 and 4.7 does not give the full support for the C++11. The current version of GCC provides the major support for all the standard features of C++11 but if you are using the GCC 4.8 or 4.7 versions then your GCC only provide you with the experimental support for the C++11.
To use the Experimental support of GCC you need to enable it first before you compile or run you C++ 11 version code.
use code std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 to enable the experimental support for C++11.17 -
Entropy wins. More useless accumulated historical nonsense in each programming language. Complex software stacks impossible to reach the bottom. However C and C++ still there possibly even some Cobol and Fortran zombies. And we devs still writing our ifs and loops for that kind of legacy stuff.
-
https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing...
I agree with Python being very useful due to library availability. Not sure what I think about C beating out C++ though. I would much prefer programming in C++ to C any day. I don't like Java, but a LOT of people use Java.
I find it interesting that a lot of people talk about Rust, but I am not seeing it in the top 10. Is it just too new?
What I find most interesting is that this is a good list of languages to learn. These are what are being used in the field. Well, at least from the the perspective of IEEE.
Thoughts?5 -
i made projects in Verilog HDL for fpga and stuff for the past few months in uni and did not get time for projects in languages like c or python.
now my dumb brain can't think in a normal programming language when I'm switching back to C.
P.S. if you didn't know verilog, it works a little different from normal programming languages. everything in Verilog runs parallelly.4 -
Start with C as first real programming language. It might have a higher entrance barrier but in future you'll blaze through new languages with ease4
-
Coursemates tried to convince me that putty was the programming language we were learning in our Intro to Programming class, not C. I thought they were joking, turns out they were dead serious.1
-
What's the easiest functional programming language for someone with experience with imperative languages?
I would like to learn a functional language to broaden my horizons. I have knowledge of Python and C / C ++ and I want the language to be easy to learn from someone who comes from the imperative realm of languages. I don't care if the language is strong enough. I just need a language to learn the basics of a functional programming language, and then I'll try to find a more complex (and powerful) one.
thank11 -
Unions are literally one of the most underwhelmed things in C or any other programming language.
(Sorry for bad english) -
I want to start learning a programming language, and I can't decide between JavaScripte and C ++. Seniors, please explain to an inexperienced chick what is currently relevant.9
-
What programming language do you guys recommend to learn?
Currently, I know Java, PHP and JS but I want to try something else...
I was thinking maybe C, C++ or C#, opinions? Also, many people seem to praise Python as the new god of programming languages which will solve all of our problems, but until now I ran into nothing but problems really with literally every python-application I have used (mostly incompatibility between certain packages which actually were the required version, I found it very annoying to fix every time). Is that just me or does that happen more often?16 -
Why does xcode take so much time to install? I am come on! I wasted 4 hours and it still isn't done.13
-
Someone in my programming development class at college asked "is php or c++ lower level" and after having worked with a large php codebase for over a month at work I wanted to laugh in pain1
-
I've always been a fidgeter and I loved going to the tech museum in our city when I was a kid. As someone who also loved to build with Lego and create I eventually stumbled upon programming, where my dad recommended I'd start out with Scratch. It didn't really do it for me, so I put it down. Around the age of 12 I wanted to give programming another shot, but this time I started of with Python. It still followed a C-style syntax but wasn't as strict of a language, and that's how I got started!
Note: soon after I switched to C and C++ and they're now my main languages 😊 -
Finally decided to learn back C++ programming and trying to download CodeBlocks IDE from SourceForge.
SourceForge temporary offline.
Oh well......2 -
I am actually programming in C# and i learned programming with this language, but my problem is that visual c# have mandy dependencies and i need a language which run on a windows 7 as on a windows 10 machine but with no dependencies to any DotNet-Framework oder any special DLL's is there a language for this?13
-
I want to have a fucking background in native Android programming (thou I already have Java/C#) but my laptop is so fucking slow (rip Android studio) and I don't have enough money to buy a better one. I did try studying hybrid Android programming (Ionic Framework) but I just don't like coding in HTML/Angular/JS/TypeScript. Haha.1
-
I started programming with C# for a Windows Phone 8 app for my dad. Never finished it, but it sparked my interest for programming.
And mostly because I want my friends to say something like:"Wow, you're super cool" or something like that.(FAILED)
Now I work with C++ and I'm proud of myself, so I basically inspired myself to take on programming. -
At the beginning of a master course at my university the students need to do a little task to ensure they know fundamentals about programming. 70% fails the test. They had no Internet access but a reference card for c, c++, Java & python. Is this really that hard?16
-
Calling C a "high level language" is complete bullshit. 99,9% of all code is written in C or higher level languages than C.
What a "high level language" is not objectively definable. So this arbitrary division divides programming languages in two halves of astronomically different sizes.
It may have been a good decision in the 70s but it's completely off nowadays. I propose to draw the line between languages with manual and languages with automatic memory management.10 -
If I make a character oscillate on my screen, and match its time period to my camera's fps, it should seem still on my camera in theory right? I tried to implement it like this: https://www.paste.org/115774 but I can't figure out what could be going wrong, my guesses are either I'm expecting too much precision, or my camera's fps fluctuates a little, either way, please let me know what you think could be going wrong.18
-
Is programming a website/basic backend program in TypeScript with NodeJS actually a good idea? Or should you be programming it in C#, Rust, (not PHP), Golang, etc?
I personally feel like NodeJS has pretty amazing performance considering how much less code you would write compared to the other options. Although I feel something like Rust (haven't used it yet) would be more robust but more work.
Note: I only currently know JS, TS, C#, Go and obviously HTML, CSS9 -
Programming languages / frameworks you dominate? Me:
-Rails / RoR
-C/C++
-PHP / laravel
-Javascript / jQuery / Backbone etc..
- Python / django1 -
Dabbled in primary school on Microsoft Front Page, but actually programming would have been the WoW private server scene. Started on C++, got confused, tried LUA, loved it, came back to C++ was still confused but could get things done. And then the story goes on and on.1
-
Writing--
public static void main(String args[ ] ) all the time (in every program)....during competitive programming questions.... :/
I get the meaning but still....just look at c or py...:/ -
Comment 👇 #pythonprogramming vs #cprogramminglanguage
Python is fresh and demanded technology in the market but C is great for building a strong foundation. The essence of programming comes from thinking 🤔 and languages are just a medium.
If #python is a big giant means not C is outdated.10 -
programming:
cc hello_world.c -o hello world
object-oriented programming:
cc -c hello_world.c -o hello_world.o
cc hello_world.o -o hello world
some weird shit:
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}4 -
We have been given C++ Game development project for Introduction to programming for Engineers cousre......from out of 6 in my group I m the only person with programming experince ...other are new babies to C++…………
My fellow Programmers please give me advises and Suggestions for this Game development group projects to programme awesome game.3 -
Last semester of college! Finished my 2 theory tests this today. Now just programming (C# easy junk) next Tuesday and I'll be off the hook until assignments are due. I'd rather be at work tbh.
-
White ppl are racist. They think because you a niggad you can't be black? You can't write code? Say my name much f**ka.18
-
Can you help me with the codes and output of these two activity?
I'm new in programming Thankyou
It's a C++ program14 -
Question:
I have client whose son is in 2nd year of degree college. He has asked me to give him a 2 month internship in coding.
He has no knowledge of programming. Knows basic c, c++.
What tasks can we five him for 2 months to learn programming.10 -
I study programming now(C++ and some assembly) and I really like it, pretty soon I will learn more new languages, can I get any advise from the pro dev around here?
-
#NonRant Programming student, doing a years study abroad and one of my courses is a self done project. My home degree is "Games Programming", exclusively done c++ so far and got no imagination. Anyone have a suggestion for something to make they can throw at me to give me an idea of what I can do?
-
C programming is a difficult programming language and how to learn best and best tricks to learn best.7
-
I learnt programming basics in C language in highschool because it was taught there and I was pretty good with grasping concepts. However, I had no intention to have career in programming or had clear idea where / how to apply programming knowledge. It was only after i made half way thru college on a stream i lost interest in...that my sense kicked in and I watched Bob Tabors C# lessons on MVA that I really felt like i know programming. Now i can't imagine doing anything other than coding / being a dev.